The dueling political ethics of King Lear and Anthony and Cleopatra two entirely different political worlds and ecomonies of salvation essays

The dueling political ethics of King Lear and Anthony and Cleopatra two entirely different political worlds and ecomonies of salvation essays "Blow winds, blow/ Blow winds and crack your cheeks," cries King Lear in the infamous storm scene that defines the central image of the play, namely the King's madness and utter debasement in the nakedness of the early pre-Christian British wilderness. (3.2) "Where's my serpent of old Nile," intones Cleopatra as she reclines, envisioning her absent Anthony speaking to her in pre-Christian Egypt. (1.5) Lear summons a cruel storm that matches his desperate mood. Cleopatra summons in her mind the vision of Anthony to pass the time while she waits for his return, reclining in When considering these two images visually, one may be at first surprised that they spring from the mind of the same playwright. The cold and harsh world of Lear seems to be strikingly different from the Egypt of Cleopatra. The play "King Lear" depicts a rich monarchy at its onset, which is slowly and cruelly stripped bare after Lear's poor leadership in his dotage leaves his kingdom over to his daughters Regan and Goneril and their husbands. In contrast, "Anthony and Cleopatra" is structured in a series of contrasts. For every scene of a regal and cool republican Rome, a more sensuous, less ordered Egypt appears, demonstrating the two worlds that tear apart the soul of Anthony. As Lear is eventually stripped bear of his kingship, his clothing, his shelter, and finally his sanity and the only child that actually loves him, so Anthony is undone over the course of his own play. But Lear is undone in a linear fashion, every scene he is present in, he loses something new. Anthony's downfall seems to be programmed from the start, given his two contrasting lives. The only similarity between the two worlds of "King Lear" and "Anthony and Cleopatra" seems to be in Lear and Cleopatra's imaginative capacity to, respectively, create a storm in the mind that becomes reality, and to ...

korean temple essays

korean temple essays Talk about irony. Buddhist monks, those shaven-headed figures in gray robes, choose to leave this earthly world (that is, mundane society) in favor of an ascetic existence based on prayer and self-denial. But now their unworldly lifestyle is becoming a tourist product... with the monastics' approval! Monastic life as a tourist attraction? It's part of a global craze for monasticism. From the Himalayas to the Hudson River, monks are in. Japanese salarymen are chucking their jobs and fleeing to monasteries. In Taiwan last year, monasticism become big news. Hundreds of families were shocked when their promising sons and daughters opted for Buddhist monastic life instead of comfy careers in business. Meanwhile, in the United States, at least one monastery finds it necessary to turn away would-be novices. we are not soliciting vocations, the monastery says gently The worldwide renewal of interest in monasticism has reached out to Korean Buddhists too. People are interested in Buddhist monks and how they live. Many people, whether seeking enlightenment or just fed up with the noise and glitz of consumer society, would like to try the monastic way of living. So why not give them a taste of it? That is precisely what monasteries in Korea are doing. They offer tourists a brief but revealing look inside Buddhist Monasticism. Western usually think of Buddhism as a religion of vegetarians who expect to be reincarnated after leaving this world at death. Buddhists aim to correct this oversimplified image. Buddhism has a long and complex history. It originated in India some 2,600 years ago and was introduced to Korea in about the fourth century A.D. Since then, Buddhism has exercised a tremendous influence on Korean culture and produced many widely admired works of art. Pulguksa Temple are Sokkuram Grotto, built in the eight century, are two of the most famous examples of Buddhist art and architecture. ...

Branding and International Advertising Term Paper

Branding and International Advertising - Term Paper Example For branding to be efficacious, the wants and the needs of the consumer have to be kept in mind (AAKER, 1993, p. 32). There is a variety of objectives achieved via branding: motivation of the buyer, user loyalty is concreted, credibility is confirmed, the message is delivered clearly, and the target forecasts are connected emotionally. In marketing communication, it is referred to as a foundational piece. The goal for branding is to attain the long-term competitive advantage hence it is both a marketing and financial concept. It is more of a qualitative term rather than the thought of it as being related to the product thus it is immaterial. It is an idea that is altering and translates the tangible to something that is of value. The old notion of marketing involving the product has been outdone by the fact that the brand name has taken over the market. Basically, marketing relies on the brand name. The brand name wins over the loyalty of customers in a market. An illustration: custo mers who are loyal to products from Unilever are deemed to buy any product as long as the manufacturer is Unilever. This is showed the extent to which the brand name has an effect on the customers and in the marketing sector. Research has it that brand is more than a logo or a name, but it is the relationship with a customer. A brand name conveys a variety of ideas, possibly: a thought, emotion, mind, heart, feeling, a phrase, or a word. This depends on what is to be communicated to the customers (Dunn, 2004, p. 10). The mind and the heart of a customer get what the marketers want them to get via the branding name. People may buy brands based on image, awareness, knowledge, experience, trust, perception, feelings, and perceived quality. International advertising involves conveying the message to target audiences in different countries. Audiences of target differ from country to another depending on their response to emotional appeals or humor, interpretation and perception of signs and symbols, the language is spoken and the literacy levels too.  Ã‚  

Online Retailing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online Retailing - Case Study Example The online marketing is inspired by the development and the increased of technology. Brick and mortar business is a description of the business that is entirely based on the internet differentiating from that which operates in the practical environment. Of all the methods and strategies of marketing, there are advantages of each of the models (Anderson 1996). Dell Inc has adopted the online marketing and it is also working on mass customization where there is mass production of individually modified products and services to meet the diverse customer needs. This is a more refined means of customer satisfaction where the prices are also comparable to those of standard products. Online retailing is generally adopted by traditional retailers who have widespread logistical and supply stores (Brown 2001). The most important aspect that enables success in online marketing is the fact that, traditional companies are better placed to establish an online presence than starting up a new marketing strategy from scratch. Online marketing is advantageous in existing companies which are already established and have good reputation hence customer confidence (Anderson1996). In such cases, the company retains contact with the physical enterprise and work out to leverage other tasks. Dell has core competencies against other companies that provide computer products and accessories. By the use of online marketing the company is able to explore these competencies more expansively and intensively (Tampa et al 2000). Since Dell is already an established company, it's able to use the trust it has established with its suppliers and hence leverage the supplier networks already in place. For these reason, there will be easy delivery of products to the clients and assured supply (Brown 2001). All these smooth operations come with advantages; discounts and other favoured handling. Existing distribution channels allows for trouble free delivery of services and products, price discounts to the company. These will have an advantage of cutting down the cost of distribution and therefore these benefits will trickle down to the customers in terms of reduced costs. Dell Inc has a well recognized brand name in the computer industry. For this reason, leveraging the brand equity is of great advantage over other companies that use the dot com marketing strategies, Anderson (1996). Having been in operation for quite sometime, Dell Inc is stable company that can operate online especially for financial services as many people already trusts them. This also implies the company has an already established customer foundation and sales and this brings in the benefits of economies of scale in marketing, making purchases, production (Fingar et al 2000). Established companies operating online will get a chance to leverage a lower cost of capital, as bond issues will be availed to established companies (Tampa et al 2000). The underwriting cost creating a new cop-any from the beginning as in initial public offer is very costly than the online equity offering in marketing. Every company has a set of advantages over others (competitors) and good operation practices (Fingar et al 2000). This gives established firm an advantage in online operations (online

Plan is a Magic Instrument for All Essay Example for Free

Plan is a Magic Instrument for All Essay Plan is a small, four-lettered, apparently innocuous-looking word packed with power that can make or break the world, both literally and figuratively. In fact the connotation of the word plan spreads across the universe, as even the universe is an outcome of a divine plan! There is a plethora of definitions of plan (Definitions, 2010), but this author finds plan as an instrument applicable under any circumstance that needs a systematic arrangement of thoughts, things, actions and outcomes. It is a Magic Instrument for All The above definition carries a fair hint about the potential of this word, besides hinting about its multidimensional utility value as an instrument, applicable in all possible spheres. To Jack Welch, a plan may sound the outcome of a business venture, while to Le Corbusier, a plan may sound as the precursor of joy associated with an architectural form, to a football coach, plan might sound as the passage towards victory over the opponent. This shows that plan acts as a procedure towards achieving both physical and metaphysical objectives. In the process it can be seen that plan is associated with futuristic implications and present state of skill with which one plans. From this perspective plan brings forth the issues like ability and application, where the ability serves a pointer to both cognitive and emotional intelligence, because there is no denying the fact that the degrees of emotional and cognitive ability have correlations with the quality of a plan. It is that internal organization of individuals that gets reflected in their actions. Another subject is virtually embedded with plan, i. e. , innovation. Plan does not follow the beaten path more often than not, and thus it requires a unique organization of a thought that would be capable of coming into a full cycle like beginning, middle and end. From this perspective one can say, plan is an instrument to unearth dreams – it helps humans to give form to the intrinsic desires. Conclusion While plan is an all-pervasive instrument to cut short the road towards goal in general, for a thinker it is a magic instrument that enables humans to organize their intrinsic thoughts to cut short the road towards self-actualization. References Definitions of Plan on the Web. (2010). Retrieved May 1, 2010, from http://www. google. co. in/search? hl=enclient=firefox-arls=org. mozilla:en- US:officialdefl=enq=define:planei=MO_bS95RxbasB8PPsP0Hsa=Xoi= glossary_definitionct=titleved=0CAkQkAE

Labor Law Essay -- Legal Issues, Employment

Introduction Employment law or labour law as it is historically concerns regulations in the workplace. That is, it creates rights and responsibilities in the employment relationship, between employers and employees. It is often suggested that it relates to a cycle, an ever-revolving motion involving three tasks – creating, maintaining and terminating employment. â€Å"Creating employment involves recruitment and selection of employees, maintaining employment involves contractual terms and conditions or statutory rights and terminating employment includes dismissals and potential litigation† (Hardy and Upex, 2006, p.1). Therefore, â€Å"employment law forms the large body of laws, administrative rulings and precedents which comprises all areas of the employer or employee relationship† (Haynes and Boone, 2002). In the sphere of individual employment law, the Employment Rights Act (ERA) 1996 is the primary legislation dealing with, inter alia, the law relating to: unfair dismissal; redundancy; notice rights; protection of wages; protected disclosure; time of work; maternity, adoption and parental leave. At the collective level, the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (TULRCA) and the Employment relations Acts 1999 and 2004 (ERelAct) concerns, inter alia, the law governing trade unions, their relationship with their members and employers, industrial action and collective bargaining, including important area of the statutory recognition of trade unions contained in Schedule A1 of the Act. Employment law issues at Fresco Supermarket Though no much information is given in concern of Fresco employment issues, this civil case will be based on the law of tort where a wrong of negligence is evident. If an employee is injure... ...and succumbed to a psychological illness. Conclusion From the above cases laws and facts argued, personal injuries at Fresco Supermarket are witnessed during work to their employee Alan. This resulted from a client coming to shop on a scooter. Consequently Alan suffers a psychological illness caused by both personal injuries and discrimination or harassment by the co-workers; and worst still on reporting to the manger no action is taken. These are evidenced by the weight loss and strange behavior Alan demonstrated after the accident. Moreover, he has also succumbed to a job loss therefore he needs to be compensated for loss. Basing my advice on the facts, Alan has sustained a personal injury thus he deserves to be compensated for general damages that resulted from any personal injury sustained and special damages as compensation for actual financial loss. Labor Law Essay -- Legal Issues, Employment Introduction Employment law or labour law as it is historically concerns regulations in the workplace. That is, it creates rights and responsibilities in the employment relationship, between employers and employees. It is often suggested that it relates to a cycle, an ever-revolving motion involving three tasks – creating, maintaining and terminating employment. â€Å"Creating employment involves recruitment and selection of employees, maintaining employment involves contractual terms and conditions or statutory rights and terminating employment includes dismissals and potential litigation† (Hardy and Upex, 2006, p.1). Therefore, â€Å"employment law forms the large body of laws, administrative rulings and precedents which comprises all areas of the employer or employee relationship† (Haynes and Boone, 2002). In the sphere of individual employment law, the Employment Rights Act (ERA) 1996 is the primary legislation dealing with, inter alia, the law relating to: unfair dismissal; redundancy; notice rights; protection of wages; protected disclosure; time of work; maternity, adoption and parental leave. At the collective level, the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (TULRCA) and the Employment relations Acts 1999 and 2004 (ERelAct) concerns, inter alia, the law governing trade unions, their relationship with their members and employers, industrial action and collective bargaining, including important area of the statutory recognition of trade unions contained in Schedule A1 of the Act. Employment law issues at Fresco Supermarket Though no much information is given in concern of Fresco employment issues, this civil case will be based on the law of tort where a wrong of negligence is evident. If an employee is injure... ...and succumbed to a psychological illness. Conclusion From the above cases laws and facts argued, personal injuries at Fresco Supermarket are witnessed during work to their employee Alan. This resulted from a client coming to shop on a scooter. Consequently Alan suffers a psychological illness caused by both personal injuries and discrimination or harassment by the co-workers; and worst still on reporting to the manger no action is taken. These are evidenced by the weight loss and strange behavior Alan demonstrated after the accident. Moreover, he has also succumbed to a job loss therefore he needs to be compensated for loss. Basing my advice on the facts, Alan has sustained a personal injury thus he deserves to be compensated for general damages that resulted from any personal injury sustained and special damages as compensation for actual financial loss.

Mary Shelley Essay

   I don’t think the reader feels sorry for Victor because if he hadn’t have rejected the monster in the first place he wouldn’t have been in that situation. In the era the book was written, people were beginning to question God’s existence. Should God be the only creator of life? Should the power of science be able to create people? We found out the answer to this in Frankenstein. Victor tried to create the monster using scientific knowledge and succeeded. However, the end result of the monster was horrific. He was lonely, had no friends, and resorted to killing people. This proves science can not create life and make them fit into the human race. Only God can achieve this and that’s the way it should stay. I think the reader sympathizes for the monster because the monster didn’t choose to live, Victor did it for him and he only needed somebody to love. ‘I collected the instruments of life around me that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet. ‘ This quote shows he was searching for something to bring the monster to life, and that it was his decision to do this. At different stages in the story, Victor and the monster are both altruistic and egotistic. To start with, Victor is very altruistic. Whilst developing the monster he was very focused and in some way addicted to his creation. He became increasingly tired and unhealthy as he wasn’t looking after himself properly. ‘Sometimes I grew alarmed at the wreck I perceived. ‘ This shows he didn’t even realise how he was treating himself, and he was ‘alarmed’ when he realised. This proves he started off to be very altruistic, thinking of others before himself. At the same time he could be egotistic. He didn’t think of the monster’s feelings, and just focused on achieving his goal, not thinking of the consequences there were to come. Victor claims he was doing it to be ‘useful to my fellow beings. ‘ His mother actually sparked the idea and fame and fortune drove him. So he ended up doing it for himself. The monster starts off to be altruistic as he befriends the family and helps them and generally doesn’t focus on just himself. He makes adult suggestions unlike Victor who has stubborn childish responses. Victor could have offered friendship and love, but does the complete opposite making him extremely egotistic. However as the story continues it all changes dramatically and Victor and the monster almost swap places. Eager to love and to be loved, the creature is not born evil. Society makes the monster become egotistical. As society keeps on rejecting him, he becomes more and more egotistic and doesn’t really care what anyone else thinks anymore. The monster wanted what Frankenstein and so many other humans had and took for granted – a place to belong. Loneliness and isolation motivated the monster to turn to destruction. However, this was through no fault of his own. Victor was the first one to reject him therefore, it’s mainly his fault. When this starts to happen, I think the reader feels sorry for the monster, as he had no other choice but to do this, and become egotistic. On the other hand, Victor becomes more altruistic and begins to think of others. When the monster starts to kill people close to him, I think he realises he needs to do something. Victor does decide to make the creature a bride which was very altruistic, but turns against the idea. Elizabeth, Victor Frankenstein’s foster sister, plays a crucial part of Frankenstein. Since Victor’s mother died, Elizabeth played the ‘mother’ role and was adored. ‘Everyone loved Elizabeth. ‘ At many points in the story Victor is saved by the love of Elizabeth. On Frankenstein’s wedding day, his creature, the monster kills Elizabeth. Her beauty and innocence are greatly emphasized which takes away a lot of sympathy for the monster. When Frankenstein’s father knows that she was killed, he dies a few days later. ‘What then became of me? I know not; I lost sensation, and chains and darkness were the only objects that pressed upon me. ‘ This shows Victor doesn’t want to live anymore and doesn’t take any notice of the world around him. He didn’t have anything to live for, except to get revenge on the monster he’d created. ‘How I have lived I hardly know; many times have I stretched my failing limbs upon the sandy plain and prayed for death. But revenge kept me alive. ‘ So Victor decides to find the monster and searches for him. He tracks the monster ever northwards into the ice. He then freezes to death and dies, and when the monster finds this out he kills himself. At this point you sympathize for mainly Victor as he never got his revenge but also the monster, as he had such a horrific, lonely life. To conclude there are many different times in which the reader feels antipathy and mainly sympathy for the monster in Frankenstein, which shows he wasn’t treated well at all.

Game Theory †Descriptive, Normative or Prescriptive Essay

Going through life we often are surprised by the different ways how people think, make decisions and interact. We believe that most of us are rational human beans (to some extent) and, therefore, our decisions should be grounded in analysis of the situation, our experience and intuition. Therefore, the human mind can be seen as an incredibly complicated machine that runs series of theoretical simulations of possible situations (often subconsciously) to find the most optimal course of action, taking into consideration the possible strategies of others. When the decisions are important to us and the reasoning process is conscious, we engage in strategic thinking. It has always been tempting to develop a theory that would actually explain and predict the human interaction based on strategic thinking, therefore making the strategic decision making more effective to both parties and without risk to going into â€Å"worst case scenario†. Therefore ideally game theory should cover the questions how the decisions should be made in order to maximize the gains, what reasoning does it imply, how to make the best choice of strategy and what will the pay-offs be for both parties. What questions does game theory actually answer – this is how the topic of this essay might be rephrased. In this essay the discussion will be focused on the question whether game theory is a descriptive, normative or prescriptive theory. First, a brief explanation of different types of theories should be given as well as the definition of game theory and the development in this academic field of study as well as the practical applications. Then the standpoint of the author will be defined and supporting as well as contradicting arguments based on various academic articles will be presented and discussed. The last part of the essay will sum up the discussed ideas and draw the final conclusions and remarks. To start with the necessary in-depth understanding of the essay topic, the distinction between normative, descriptive and prescriptive theories should be clarified. As it is known, normative theory deals with how things should be – what ought to be in context of the specific field of study. Descriptive theories are concerned with explaining the way things happen (people behave) in real ife, moreover the prescriptive theories aim to suggest how things should happen (or how people should react) and this could be just on theoretical level or also connected with the real life (therefore not only giving prescriptions on how to act but also the predictions on the future situations). Joseph B. Kadane and Patrick D. Larkey in their paper „The Confusion of Is and Ought in Game Theoretic Contexts† from 1983 reflects on the essay topic and distinguishes between different types of normative and positive theories: Among positive theories, we distinguish three types. Descriptive theories are concerned with empirical phenomena, but stop with a description. Explanatory theories go further by addressing â€Å"why questions. † Finally, predictive theories discuss what behavior will be. We also distinguish between two types of normative theory, both concerned with what behavior should be. Speculative statements are nonoperational usually consisting of a goal or criterion (e. g. , maximize utility or profit) with no precise instructions on how one might accomplish the goal or apply the criterion. Prescriptions are operational in that they give both a goal (or criterion) and feasible procedures (an algorithm) for accomplishing it. From this quotation it can be clearly seen what theory distinctions in game theory context are made. The essay author will adopt this view and within normative theories take into consideration both speculative and prescriptive types of theories, within descriptive theories include both descriptive and explanatory types and within prescriptive theories look at predictive and prescriptive (for real life situations) types. After clarifying the different types of theories in connection with game theory, the short description of game theory and development of modern game theory will be given. In the Oxford English dictionary the definition of game theory is as follows the branch of mathematics concerned with the analysis of strategies for dealing with competitive situations where the outcome of a participant’s choice of action depends critically on the actions of other participants. Game theory has been applied to contexts in war, business, and biology. From the definition we see the important factors are the mathematical analysis, different strategic options with different outcomes (pay-offs) and the interdependence of the players. Therefore it indeed looks like the so desired theory described in the introduction of the essay, however, what does it actually deliver, that is the main focus of this essay. Modern game theory has been developing now for more than 50 years since the book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern was published in 1944. However, it must be noted that some important efforts in explaining the strategic choices – strategic decision making has been done also before, for example by Zermelo. Konong, Kalmar and Borel. Game theory has evolved considerably since the publication of von Neuman and Morgenstern’s book and what is interesting the theory has developed far beyond its initial mathematical boundaries. This is due in a large part to contributions in the 1950s from John Nash (1950, 1951). However, it was in the 1970s that game theory as a way of analysing strategic situations began to be applied in all sorts of diverse areas including economics, politics, international relations, business and biology (Chermichael, 2005). By having established the understanding about the subject of the essay, the arguments can now be presented. The author believes that the game theory at the stage of evolution it is now in is a descriptive and prescriptive theory concerning strategic decision making, however with some limitations. Argument 1: Strategic decision making implies / do not imply rational thinking The first contra argument discussed will be about the assumption of game theory that the players are rational. It can be argued that this indeed does not reflect real life as people often make irrational choices and therefore game theory is not describing the real world nor giving prescriptions on how to act in real situations but is indeed a normative theory. What needs to be emphasized here is that the essay author argues that game theory is a prescriptive theory when dealing with strategic decision making. Strategic decision making involves long term commitments from an organization and therefore it will be carefully analyzed and discussed before the final decision, in order to be sure that the chosen course of action will deliver the highest possible results. Following this thought it can be concluded that the players will act rationally, as they are aware of the huge impact of the decision and have certain decision making skills (which can be assumed as they are high in the organizational hierarchy that they are the ones making strategic decisions). Argument 2: Game theory does / does not describe predict the real world situations Strong critique regarding the interpretation of game theory is expressed by Rubinstein (1991): There exists a widespread myth in game theory, that it is possible to achieve a miraculous prediction regarding the outcome of interaction among human beings using only data on the order of events, combined with a description of the players’ preferences over the feasible outcomes of the situation. [.. ]The mystical and vague word â€Å"rationality† is used to fuel our hopes of achieving this goal. I fail to see any possibility of this being accomplished. Overall, game theory accomplishes only two tasks: It builds models based on intuition and uses deductive arguments based on mathematical knowledge. As we see from this quotation, Rubinstein is critical regarding the game theory having any descriptive or prescriptive characteristics. However, he states that what is missing for it to be a descriptive (and following that prescriptive theory), is the data describing the process of reasoning adopted by the players when they analyze a game. Since this article more than 10 both scientific and empirical articles have been written directly dealing with the problems mentioned in this article therefore the interpretation has evolved as well as the game theory itself. Moreover, game theory has been used throughout the years by companies and has been proven to be a useful tool for strategists. Camerer in his article â€Å"Does strategy research need game theory? (1991) comes to a conclusion that a common criticism that game-theoretic models assume too much rationality is often wrong because first, some games require little rationality to compute equilibria; and second, players may reach an equilibrium by communicating, adapting or evolving to it rather than by calculating it. Indeed, the author agrees that the interpretation of the games needs careful attention, however, the theory can be used as a descriptive theory for strategic decisions and by studying it strategists can come to a better decisions therefore evolving in a prescriptive theory. Another extra point enhancing the previously stated is the evolution of game theory now including cooperation, asymmetric information and other factors which are present in real life situations. Hutton (1996) describes game theory as an intellectual framework for examining what various parties to a decision should do given their possession of inadequate information and different objectives. Here we see that in later works game theory is seen as a more sophisticated theory dealing with various situations not only basic theoretic models. The paper of Kadane and Larkey from 1983 states two suggestions in order to clear the â€Å"is and ought† confusion. First, a Bayesian perspective should be adopted, second, more attention should be given to the model validation. The Bayesian view of games clarifies the proper, respective roles of prescriptive and predictive theory. Taking the Bayesian norm as prescriptively compelling for my play leads me to want the best description I can find of my partner/opponent’s play. Thus both prescription and description have important roles to play in the Bayesian view of games. Therefore, we see that through Bayesian approach the descriptive and prescriptive characteristics of game theory are enhanced. From authors research for relevant literature concerning the question what type of theory is game theory, it can be seen that most papers concerning these questions are around 1980`s and the beginning of 1990`s. Later papers on game theory, however, are more concerned of empirical applications of game theory as well as in depth analysis of the theory. The empirical work in such fields as auctions, M&A, price strategy, marketing strategy etc. as been applying successfully the principles of game theory, therefore strengthening the statement that Game theory is indeed now a descriptive and prescriptive type of theory. Argument 3: Game theorist work has been internationally recognized as applicable to real life and practically useful to make better strategies and strategic decisions Another strong argument supporting the statement of the author is the work of rec ent Nobel Prize winners in economics, in 2007 and in 2012 the winners are game theorists Leonid Hurwicz, Eric Maskin, Roger Myerson and Lloyd Shapley, Alvin Roth respectively. (Nobel Prizes in economics also was awarded to game theorists in 1994, 1995 and 2005). Leonid Hurwicz, Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson won the 2007 Nobel Prize for their work in mechanism design theory, a branch of game theory that extends the application of game theory to how different types of rules, or institutions, align individual incentives with overall social goals. Their work on allocation mechanisms has had a significant impact on the design of uctions, social welfare systems and many organizations. As the theory can be applied successfully to real fields of business and real organizations, it can be concluded that game theory must be a prescriptive and therefore also descriptive theory. Moreover, the Nobel Prize in 2012 to Shapley and Lloyd was awarded for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design – the creation of the link from theory to practice. BBC article (15. 10. 012) regarding the winners of 2012 Nobel Prize in economics by Stephanie Flanders, the BBC Economics Editor, states The work of Lloyd Shapley and Alvin Roth reminds us that economics can be both deeply mathematical and abstract, and deeply practical – not to say hugely useful to public and private organizations all over the world. [.. ] In the past 50 years, game theorists – and micro-economics in general – have genuinely made the world a better place. Either they have helped to solve practical real-world problems or, where there is no solution, they have helped us to understand the issues more clearly. So once again we see that game theory when applied correctly can help to solve real life problems and therefore is a prescriptive and descriptive theory. Working on the essay the author read through many articles on game theory including the classic papers of Nash (1950,1951) where the theory is explained in detail but applications explained are indeed rather simple and not that applicable to complex real world situations, however, very useful for simple situations. Looking at the research papers written in late 1990`s and 2000`s, the empirical applications can be seen more clear and grounded in real life. The critique on game theory expressed by researchers in early 1990`s have been taken into consideration therefore helping the game theory to evolve ad become descriptive and prescriptive theory that can be applied to many fields. Moreover, practitioners are indeed using game theory, for example highly successful consultancy company McKinsey is using game theory to help managers make better decisions and foresee the different possible risks of different courses of action (Hagen Lindstadt and Jurgen Muller, 2009). The author believes that the game theory has evolved from being more a normative theory to normative prescriptive theory, then by applying these rules to real world descriptive theory has been developed, and now in hand of a masterful strategist game theory is indeed a predictive and prescriptive theory helping to make better strategic decisions.

A Joint Stock Company Is A Company Founded By Legal Entities Accounting Essay Essays

A Joint Stock Company Is A Company Founded By Legal Entities Accounting Essay Essays A Joint Stock Company Is A Company Founded By Legal Entities Accounting Essay Essay A Joint Stock Company Is A Company Founded By Legal Entities Accounting Essay Essay Limited Liability Company may hold up to 30 members ( natural individuals or legal entities ) . Minimum dinar equivalent of EURO 500 for the monetary portion of the initial capital ; there are no demands in regard of the minimal part of each member. The liability of members is up to the value of their investing. There are no demands for citizenship for the office carriers. In the comparing between local person vs. legal entity from abroad the lone difference is transcriber s cost which would to boot rush up the procedure. Necessary paperss are: Decision sing incorporation of the limited liability company in Serbia ; Statement from concern bank that monetary capital is paid ; Filed enrollment signifier ; Fees paid to the Agency for concern topics. Put up clip, when all paperwork is provided is between 5 to 10 concern yearss. Joint stock company ( a.d ) A joint stock company is a company founded by legal entities or persons. If 1 or more natural individuals or legal entities formed at the same time ( purchasing all portions through incorporation Internet Explorer closed joint stock company ) , 2 or more for companies formed in turn ( issue of a prospectus intended for 3rd parties unfastened articulation stock company ) . The maximal figure of stockholders in a closed articulation stock company is 100. Joint stock company holding more than 100 stockholders is deemed an unfastened articulation stock company Initial capital is divided into portions of specific value. Minimum dinar equivalent of EURO 10.000 for the monetary portion of the initial capital for companies formed at the same time and URO25.000 for the companies formed in turn. A minimal 50 % of both the founding capital and the equity of each stockholder must be paid before incorporation. Contribution of the members may be money, belongings or rights but non in labor or services. LLC compared to JSC In pattern, foreign investors normally prefer to integrate an LLC, due to its simple signifier and faster incorporation. The advantage is besides that addition in capital may be made without formal vote processs and without supervising of the Securities Exchange Commission. Corporate revenue enhancement Taxable income and revenue enhancement rate The nonexempt income is based on the accounting net income stated in the income statement established in conformity with IFRS and accounting ordinances and farther adjusted for revenue enhancement intents. The corporate income revenue enhancement is levied at the rate of 10 % . Withholding revenue enhancement Withholding revenue enhancement of 20 % is levied on the certain types of income paid to a non occupant entity by a resident taxpayer. Capable to keep backing revenue enhancement are the undermentioned types of income: Dividends and portion in net income Royalties Interests Capital additions Income from renting movable and immoveable belongings derived by non resident entity, good proprietor of the income Net incomes of sportswomans and instrumentalists The withholding revenue enhancement is non calculated and paid on the income paid to a lasting concern unit of a non occupant entity. The commissariats of the Double Taxation Treaty can be applied supplying that a non occupant provides grounds on his position of a occupant in the state signer of the Treaty and supplying the nonresident is a good proprietor of the income. Tax inducements The Law on Corporate Income Tax prescribes assorted revenue enhancement inducements for investings in fixed assets, in add-on to the revenue enhancement freedom for big investings, such as: revenue enhancement recognition for investing in fixed assets ( Art. 48 ) revenue enhancement recognition for investing in fixed assets for taxpayers in certain countries of industry ( Art. 48a ) Tax recognition for investing in fixed assets A taxpayer puting in the fixed assets is entitled to a revenue enhancement recognition of 20 % of the investing made in that twelvemonth. The revenue enhancement recognition is limited to 50 % of the assessed revenue enhancement in the twelvemonth of the investing. The unutilized part of revenue enhancement recognition may be carried over to the future accounting period up to 50 % of the assessed revenue enhancement, but non longer than 10 old ages. Note that merely the sum of assets paid is relevant for the intents of this revenue enhancement recognition. Assetss brought in as part in sort would non measure up for recognition. Any unutilized revenue enhancement recognition from the old twelvemonth ( s ) may be applied in the current twelvemonth one time that current twelvemonth s revenue enhancement recognition has been used. If assets, on the footing of which revenue enhancement recognition was derived, are disposed of, within three old ages from their acquisition day of the month, the sum of underpaid revenue enhancement must be repaid along with involvement at a rate equal to the retail monetary value growing rate. Tax recognition for investing in fixed assets for taxpayers in certain countries of industry Taxpayers registered for concern activities falling in specific countries of industry are entitled to the revenue enhancement recognition equivalent to 80 % of the value of investing. The recognition is non limited, i.e. it can be used in full, up to the sum of the assessed revenue enhancement. Unutilized part of revenue enhancement recognition may be carried over to the future accounting period of up to 10 old ages. The countries of industry to which this revenue enhancement inducement applies include agribusiness, fabric industry, basic metal industry, standard metal merchandises industry, machine industry, electrical/household contraptions industry, auto industry, recycling etc. Income revenue enhancement alleviation for big investings The jurisprudence prescribes a particular revenue enhancement alleviation for investings in surplus of 8 million EUR, capable to the fulfilment of the undermentioned conditions: Investing of over 800 million dinars ( approx. 8 million EUR ) in fixed assets, and Employment of 100 new employees for an indefinite period of clip The revenue enhancement alleviation is granted in proportion to the value of investing: the income revenue enhancement is reduced based on the ratio between the value of new assets and entire assets, including the freshly acquired assets. The revenue enhancement alleviation runs from the twelvemonth in which the first nonexempt income is generated, after the above conditions are fulfilled. New employees, for the intents of this inducement are non considered to be the persons once employed in the company, which is straight or indirectly related to the taxpayer. Fiscal inducements For standard-scale Greenfield and Brownfield undertakings in the fabrication and export-related services sectors, non-refundable province financess are offered in the scope between ˆ2,000 and ˆ5,000 per new occupation created. Value-added tax Since 1 January 2005, supply of goods and services on the district of Serbia is capable to VAT, at the standard rate of 18 % . Certain goods are capable to the decreased rate of 8 % . VAT is based on the rule that VAT paid on input can be used as tax write-off for the intents of computation of taxpayer s VAT liability. Output VAT is triggered by supply of goods and services or aggregation of payment, whichever event comes foremost. Taxpayer is entitled to the refund of the surplus of input VAT over end product VAT. The deadline for refund is 45 yearss from the deadline for the entry of the revenue enhancement return, except in the instance of predominant exporters where the deadline for VAT refund is 15 yearss from the deadline for registering the revenue enhancement return. Alternatively, taxpayer can utilize VAT recognition to cover his future VAT liability. Taxpayers with turnover over 4 million RSD are obliged to register for VAT. The nonexempt period is a month. The deadline for registering VAT return is by 10th of the month for the old month. Employment Serbia s labour force combines exceeding on the job efficiency with ample labour supply. With a alone combination of high-quality and low costs, it is one of the cardinal factors in making a strong concern public presentation. The labor relationship is established by an employment contract concluded between the employer and the employee. There are several types of employment contract: Permanent employment contract Impermanent employment contract ( for a preset period of clip ) Employment contract for a test period ( no longer so 6 months ) Employment contract based on particular footings for first-time employees Full clip employment is 40 hours in a hebdomad. Overtime can non last longer than 4 hours per twenty-four hours. Average wages in Serbia ( 350 cyberspace as per today ) are low plenty to guarantee cost-efficient operating. Entire costs for employers stand at simply 50 % of the degree in EU states from Eastern Europe. Social insurance charges ( 17.9 % per employer and employee ) and Salary Tax ( 12 % ) sum to approximately 65 % of the net wage but the revenue enhancement load for employers can be reduced through a assortment of fiscal and revenue enhancement inducements available. The expiration of employment could be achieved comparatively straightforward. Rent of equipment vs. part in sort With leasing equipment your subordinate in Serbia could non avoid payment of keep backing revenue enhancements on the royalties at the rate of 10 % . Besides, all revenue enhancement inducements mentioned in the chapter 2 of this papers, are possible merely with holding equipment as your ownership. Last but non the least there is possibility to avoid payment of imposts responsibilities in instance you are buying equipment outside of Serbia and importing it as part in sort. Miscelanius Please happen affiliated our monetary value list. Please note that for back uping you to make investing in Serbia we will supply you with 20 % price reduction on our services. Should you hold any farther inquiries, delight make non waver to reach us. Best respects Slobodan

Can Fancy Trucks Attract New Drivers

Can Fancy Trucks Attract New Drivers CareersInGear has rounded up several of the latest innovations luxury truck manufacturers are turbo-loading into new rigs:Â  In-truck bathing and toilet facilities! The most popular features? KitchenettesTables and boothsEntertainment centers set up with surround sound, DVD players, video game consoles, and flat screen TVsLarger, non-folding bedsHow are the entertainment centers not a terrible idea? But anyway, the thing to remember with all these action-packed palaces on wheels is the weight. Balance your need for amenities with the number of loads you want to make, the mileage you’ll be accumulating (and the fuel costs that go with it), and the frequency of the runs you’ll be making. Companies like TryHours are piloting 20 big rigs in their fleet with more extravagant features, but in order for these upgrades to be reasonable across the industry they’ll need to be scaled down appropriately. More comfortable beds, absolutely! Xbox? Maybe not so much!Have you se en any of these luxury rigs on the road yet? Â  Would the increased convenience of stopping less and enjoying more privacy be worth the compromises on load-bearing? Weigh in in the comments!

Design SSRD (single subject research design) in early childhood Essay

Design SSRD (single subject research design) in early childhood - Essay Example The child who participated in this study, Lulu, attends a daycare three days a week from 7am to 5pm. At the time of the study, Lulu was 24 months old. Lulu’s family has a diverse background. Her father is from Middle Eastern descent and speaks Arabic and English. Her mother is from European descent and she speaks Russian and English. In daycare Lulu is only exposed to English and baby sign. Lulu met the criteria for a normal developing child according to the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Lulu’s overall development is age appropriate in motor skills, social-emotional, and self-help. Lulu’s language is age appropriate. Lulu is very sociable and enjoys talking to other children and adults. Lulu knows that when she is around family she can speak either Arabic or Russian. She knows to use English at daycare and with new people that she meets The dependent variable was Lulu’s verbal language. Lulu uses several of Arabic, Russian, and English words. For example she says water in Arabic only (mai) and the ball she always says it in Russian (mathci). She says night night if she is sleepy and wants to go to bed in addition to Baba, Mama, bye, milk and auntie. Lulu uses around 100 single words and she uses two to three word phrases. Also, she uses sounds to point for things that she do not know their names or it is difficult to say such as, oi oi oi if she wants us to open something for her. After the study we would like to see Lulu continue expanding her verbal language The research team will observe Lulu for 30 days. The researcher will count the number of verbal words that she uses and the number of baby sign used. The measurement would be event sampling of parent use of baby sign language. The researchers will use a checklist of parent implementation of baby sign. The baseline would be Lulu’s use of verbal language with people without mom using baby sign. During the B condition (intervention) mom will use baby sign.

Lifting the Veil- Prest V Petrodel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lifting the Veil- Prest V Petrodel - Essay Example Whenever a company is formed as a separate entity, it acquires the capacity and authority to have its own rights and duties (Gibson, 1988). It can be observed that once the company has been incorporated, it can then be viewed as a separate or independent person with legal rights and liabilities. The popular case of Salomon v Salomon& Co [1897] AC 22 (Hl) illustrates this point. Salomon was the sole owner of the organization and he decides to turn the business venture into a limited company having realised that it had great potential. Salomon got ?10  000 in debentures from the shareholders which were acquired through a bond of the company’s assets. Unfortunately, the deal did not materialise given that the company was later liquidated and the assets were sold and the shareholders were left out. The court upheld that the company was just like Salomon since it was treated just like an individual person. Essentially, it can be seen that the concept of corporate personality is m ainly concerned with maintaining the identity of a company through establishing what is known as corporate veil (Gibson, 1988). However, in certain instances, the court ignores the existence of the legal person in what is termed â€Å"piercing the corporate veil† (Cillers et al, 2004). ... Some people tend to use the aspect of corporate veil to suppress other people since it can also act as a shield to protect their properties. Whenever, a company is viewed as a separate entity, it ceases to belong to an individual but it can stand on its own. However, under certain circumstances, it can be seen that this status can be pierced by the court where necessary. The Supreme Court (12,June 2013) case of Prest (Appellant) v Petrodel Resources Limited & Others (Respondents) [2013] UKSC 34 On appeal from: [2012] EWCA Civ 1395, outlines the proceedings for financial remedies following a divorce between Michael and Yasmin Prest. The appellant argues that she should get remedies from the sale of companies belonging to the Petrodel Group which apparently were wholly owned and controlled by Michael Prest, her husband. The Supreme Court case outline also states that â€Å"Under Section 24(1)(a) of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 (â€Å"the 1973 Act†), the court may order that â€Å"a party to the marriage shall transfer to the other party†¦such property as may be so specified, being property to which the first-mentioned party is entitled, either in possession or reversion.† In the judgement of this case, it was unanimously agreed that appeal by Yasmin Prest was valid given that the seven disputed properties were â€Å"property to which the [husband] is entitled, either in possession or reversion† hence, they belonged to him. In this case, the respondents argued that the properties belonged to the company not the husband. However, in passing judgement, â€Å"the Court confirmed that there is a principle of English law which enables a court in very limited circumstances to pierce the corporate veil† such as the